Kenya Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) 2000
Kenya, 2000
Kenya National Bureau of Statistics
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Identification
Survey ID Number
DDI-KEN-KNBS-MICS-2000-v1.0
Title
Kenya Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) 2000
Country
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Kenya | KEN |
Study type
Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey - Round 2 [hh/mics-2]
Series Information
The Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey, Round 2 (MICS2) is the second round of MICS surveys, previously conducted around 1995 (MICS1). MICS surveys are designed by UNICEF, and implemented by national agencies in participating countries. MICS was designed to monitor various indicators identified at the World Summit for Children and the Millennium Development Goals.
Many questions and indicators in MICS2 are consistent and compatible with the prior round of MICS (MICS1) but less so with MICS1, although there have been a number of changes in definition of indicators between rounds.
Many questions and indicators in MICS2 are consistent and compatible with the prior round of MICS (MICS1) but less so with MICS1, although there have been a number of changes in definition of indicators between rounds.
Abstract
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Kenya Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS 2000) was conducted to generate indicators for assessing progress made in achieving the World Summit for Children (WSC) goals while forming a basis for future action. Central Bureau of statistics implemented the survey with financial support from UNICEF. The survey was conducted from 18th September to 8th October 2000 covering 9,300 households countrywide. Some trends were established in comparison with past surveys such as Kenya Demographic and Health Survey (KDHS) 1998.
In Education, a decline was recorded for net primary school enrolment from 80 per cent in 1990 to 73.7 per cent, while the proportion of children reaching Grade 5 increased from 67.8 per cent in 1990 to 88.9 per cent in 2000. The majority (73.7 per cent) of the population aged over 15 years are literate. Secondary education for women was found to have a strong positive effect on the quality of care given to children, knowledge with respect to HIV/AIDS, under 5 mortality, nutritional status and administration of preventive health services to children.
Whereas access to safe drinking water improved from 48.1 per cent in 1990 to 57.1 per cent, access to proper sanitation deteriorated from 84.1 per cent in 1992 to 81.1 per cent in 2000. Provincial disparities show that Central and Western provinces continued to have better access to sanitary means while Coast and Nyanza provinces recorded the worst access.
The three statistical measures of nutritional status of weight for age, height for age and weight for height showed that there has been no change of under weight since 1993. There was marginal deterioration in severe wasting (-3SD) recorded from 1.2 per cent in 1993 to 1.4 per cent, while modest deterioration was recorded for moderate or severe (-2SD) and severe stunting (-3SD) from 32.7 per cent to 35.3 per cent and from 12.2 per cent to 14.7 per cent respectively over the same period. Children in the rural areas are notably more under nourished according to all the three indices than their urban counterparts. Comparatively, 9.3 per cent weighed less than 2500 gm at birth.
Under 5 mortality rate has deteriorated since 1989 from 90.9 to 105.4 per thousand in the year 2000. On the other hand, Infant mortality has shown mixed performance during the period
The level of education of mother influences the nutritional status of a child. Children whose mothers have secondary or higher education are least likely to be under weight and stunted compared to children of mothers with less education or no education.
In brief, 83.0 per cent of children aged between 12-15 months continued breastfeeding but fell to 36.9 per cent for 20-23 months. Over 40.6 per cent of the children aged 6- 59 months received a high dose of vitamin A supplement in the last 12 months before the survey.
Some 91 per cent of households in Kenya use iodized salt. All regions covered recorded over 82 per cent in use of adequately iodized salt.
On preventive health services, about 91 per cent of children aged 12-23 months received BCG, 76.2 per cent received a dose of DPT and 72.8 per cent received Polio. The proportion of children aged 12-23 months vaccinated for measles was 71.6 per cent. On the overall, 60.8 received all doses.
Curative health data for under 5s shows that those affected by diarrhoea and received the recommended treatment were higher in urban (82.5 per cent) than in rural (74.3 per cent), while only 7.1 per cent of those who had diarrhoea or some other illnesses in the 14 days preceding the survey, only 7.1 per cent were given increased fluids and continued eating as recommended under the IMCI program.
Approximately 50 per cent who suffered from ARI in the two weeks preceding the survey were treated by health providers. Provincial comparisons show that Eastern, Western and Nyanza provinces were worse off in ARI treatment than other regions.
About 17.2 per cent of under five children slept under a bed net to prevent malaria. Only 17.5 per cent of the bed nets used were impregnated with insecticide. Of the malaria cases reported, 64.4 per cent had received appropriate medical attention.
Concerning HIV/AIDS knowledge, forty six (46.2) per cent of women aged 15-49 know all the three main ways of preventing HIV transmission while forty four (44.3) per cent of women correctly identified all the three misconceptions about HIV transmission. However, the proportion of women to men was low for knowing when to test for HIV/AIDS and vice versa for those actually tested.
Nearly all women in Kenya receive some type of prenatal care and 76.2 per cent receive antenatal care from skilled health personnel (doctor, nurse or mid wife).
Other findings of the survey showed that over 63 per cent of children under five years in Kenya have their births officially notified. About 65.7 per cent of children aged 1-14 years were living with both parents while 8.3 per cent were orphaned (one or both parents dead).
Some 10.8 per cent of children aged 5-17 years are currently working (i.e. either in paid employment, unpaid work or domestic work for more than four hours per day. However, majority of the children (56.8 per cent) are doing domestic work for less than four hours per day. Domestic work involves tasks such as cooking, fetching water and caring for other children.
In conclusion the statistics have reflected improved healthcare for both mothers and under fives, education and water provision despite a general deterioration in accessibility to sanitation and nutrition. However, low information base among women concerning HIV/AIDS and regional disparities on factors above are issues requiring attention.
The Kenya Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS 2000) was conducted to generate indicators for assessing progress made in achieving the World Summit for Children (WSC) goals while forming a basis for future action. Central Bureau of statistics implemented the survey with financial support from UNICEF. The survey was conducted from 18th September to 8th October 2000 covering 9,300 households countrywide. Some trends were established in comparison with past surveys such as Kenya Demographic and Health Survey (KDHS) 1998.
In Education, a decline was recorded for net primary school enrolment from 80 per cent in 1990 to 73.7 per cent, while the proportion of children reaching Grade 5 increased from 67.8 per cent in 1990 to 88.9 per cent in 2000. The majority (73.7 per cent) of the population aged over 15 years are literate. Secondary education for women was found to have a strong positive effect on the quality of care given to children, knowledge with respect to HIV/AIDS, under 5 mortality, nutritional status and administration of preventive health services to children.
Whereas access to safe drinking water improved from 48.1 per cent in 1990 to 57.1 per cent, access to proper sanitation deteriorated from 84.1 per cent in 1992 to 81.1 per cent in 2000. Provincial disparities show that Central and Western provinces continued to have better access to sanitary means while Coast and Nyanza provinces recorded the worst access.
The three statistical measures of nutritional status of weight for age, height for age and weight for height showed that there has been no change of under weight since 1993. There was marginal deterioration in severe wasting (-3SD) recorded from 1.2 per cent in 1993 to 1.4 per cent, while modest deterioration was recorded for moderate or severe (-2SD) and severe stunting (-3SD) from 32.7 per cent to 35.3 per cent and from 12.2 per cent to 14.7 per cent respectively over the same period. Children in the rural areas are notably more under nourished according to all the three indices than their urban counterparts. Comparatively, 9.3 per cent weighed less than 2500 gm at birth.
Under 5 mortality rate has deteriorated since 1989 from 90.9 to 105.4 per thousand in the year 2000. On the other hand, Infant mortality has shown mixed performance during the period
The level of education of mother influences the nutritional status of a child. Children whose mothers have secondary or higher education are least likely to be under weight and stunted compared to children of mothers with less education or no education.
In brief, 83.0 per cent of children aged between 12-15 months continued breastfeeding but fell to 36.9 per cent for 20-23 months. Over 40.6 per cent of the children aged 6- 59 months received a high dose of vitamin A supplement in the last 12 months before the survey.
Some 91 per cent of households in Kenya use iodized salt. All regions covered recorded over 82 per cent in use of adequately iodized salt.
On preventive health services, about 91 per cent of children aged 12-23 months received BCG, 76.2 per cent received a dose of DPT and 72.8 per cent received Polio. The proportion of children aged 12-23 months vaccinated for measles was 71.6 per cent. On the overall, 60.8 received all doses.
Curative health data for under 5s shows that those affected by diarrhoea and received the recommended treatment were higher in urban (82.5 per cent) than in rural (74.3 per cent), while only 7.1 per cent of those who had diarrhoea or some other illnesses in the 14 days preceding the survey, only 7.1 per cent were given increased fluids and continued eating as recommended under the IMCI program.
Approximately 50 per cent who suffered from ARI in the two weeks preceding the survey were treated by health providers. Provincial comparisons show that Eastern, Western and Nyanza provinces were worse off in ARI treatment than other regions.
About 17.2 per cent of under five children slept under a bed net to prevent malaria. Only 17.5 per cent of the bed nets used were impregnated with insecticide. Of the malaria cases reported, 64.4 per cent had received appropriate medical attention.
Concerning HIV/AIDS knowledge, forty six (46.2) per cent of women aged 15-49 know all the three main ways of preventing HIV transmission while forty four (44.3) per cent of women correctly identified all the three misconceptions about HIV transmission. However, the proportion of women to men was low for knowing when to test for HIV/AIDS and vice versa for those actually tested.
Nearly all women in Kenya receive some type of prenatal care and 76.2 per cent receive antenatal care from skilled health personnel (doctor, nurse or mid wife).
Other findings of the survey showed that over 63 per cent of children under five years in Kenya have their births officially notified. About 65.7 per cent of children aged 1-14 years were living with both parents while 8.3 per cent were orphaned (one or both parents dead).
Some 10.8 per cent of children aged 5-17 years are currently working (i.e. either in paid employment, unpaid work or domestic work for more than four hours per day. However, majority of the children (56.8 per cent) are doing domestic work for less than four hours per day. Domestic work involves tasks such as cooking, fetching water and caring for other children.
In conclusion the statistics have reflected improved healthcare for both mothers and under fives, education and water provision despite a general deterioration in accessibility to sanitation and nutrition. However, low information base among women concerning HIV/AIDS and regional disparities on factors above are issues requiring attention.
Kind of Data
Sample survey data [ssd]
Unit of Analysis
Individuals, households.
Version
Version Description
Version 1.0
Version Date
2008-12
Scope
Notes
The scope of the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey includes:
- HOUSEHOLD: Household characteristics, household listing, orphaned and vulnerable children, education, child labour, water and sanitation, household use of insecticide treated mosquito nets, and salt iodization, with optional modules for child discipline, child disability, maternal mortality and security of tenure and durability of housing.
- WOMEN: Women's characteristics, child mortality, tetanus toxoid, maternal and newborn health, marriage, polygyny, female genital cutting, contraception, and HIV/AIDS knowledge, with optional modules for unmet need, domestic violence, and sexual behavior.
- CHILDREN: Children's characteristics, birth registration and early learning, vitamin A, breastfeeding, care of illness, malaria, immunization, and anthropometry, with an optional module for child development.
- HOUSEHOLD: Household characteristics, household listing, orphaned and vulnerable children, education, child labour, water and sanitation, household use of insecticide treated mosquito nets, and salt iodization, with optional modules for child discipline, child disability, maternal mortality and security of tenure and durability of housing.
- WOMEN: Women's characteristics, child mortality, tetanus toxoid, maternal and newborn health, marriage, polygyny, female genital cutting, contraception, and HIV/AIDS knowledge, with optional modules for unmet need, domestic violence, and sexual behavior.
- CHILDREN: Children's characteristics, birth registration and early learning, vitamin A, breastfeeding, care of illness, malaria, immunization, and anthropometry, with an optional module for child development.
Coverage
Geographic Coverage
9,300 households countrywide
Universe
9,300 households countrywide
Producers and sponsors
Primary investigators
| Name |
|---|
| Kenya National Bureau of Statistics |
Funding Agency/Sponsor
| Name | Role |
|---|---|
| UNICEF | FUNDING |
Sampling
Sampling Procedure
MICS SAMPLE AND SURVEY METHODOLOGY AND LIMITATIONS
The sampling frame for Kenya MICS 2000 was the National Sample Survey and Evaluation Programme III (NASSEP III), which was developed from the 1989 Population and Housing Census. The NASSEP III sampling frame covers the whole country. In the Arid and Semi-Arid Lands (ASAL) districts of Garissa, Wajir, Mandera, Turkana and Samburu the frame excludes the rural areas. This is as a result of the nomadic lifestyle of the people in the area. The district is the stratum and the clusters are distributed into the urban and rural areas. The urban sub-stratum constitutes towns with population 10,000 and over in 1989. The largest proportion of the population in Kenya lives in the rural areas accounting for about 80 per cent of the population. Thus, the rural areas were allocated proportionately more clusters than the urban. The Enumeration Areas (EA) formed the Primary Sampling Units (PSUs) in the development of the Master sample. Currently a total of 1,139 clusters are operational with 930 in the rural and 209 in the urban areas embracing a total of 135,422 households. The distributions of the clusters by Province and Districts are presented in Tables k and l in the Appendix C.
In NASSEP III Master Sample a measure of size (MOS) of 100 households was used in the development of the clusters where a cluster was either a complete EA or a segment selected from demarcations of an EA. An EA with MOS exceeding one was segmented into the corresponding multiple of MOSs and one segment selected randomly for the creation of the clusters. Although the survey was done after the 1999 Population and Housing Census, it was not possible to use a new sampling frame based on the results of the recent census because the new sampling frame had not been developed. However, the NASSEP III master sample was updated through household listing of the clusters selected to ensure conformity with the standard size of the clusters. New household cluster listings and maps were developed to facilitate the selection of the sample and household identification during fieldwork.
Since the year 1989 when the NASSEP III sampling frame was launched, there have been several changes on the administrative boundaries in Kenya resulting in the increase of the number of districts from 42 to 70. It was, therefore, observed that the NASSEP III sampling frame was not capable of providing district estimates currently since it was meant to provide estimates for 42 original districts. In addition, a very large sample would be required to provide estimates for the indicators at the district level, which would require huge resources. It was, therefore, decided that the sample survey should be designed to provide estimates at the provincial, urban-rural and national levels.
The sampling frame for Kenya MICS 2000 was the National Sample Survey and Evaluation Programme III (NASSEP III), which was developed from the 1989 Population and Housing Census. The NASSEP III sampling frame covers the whole country. In the Arid and Semi-Arid Lands (ASAL) districts of Garissa, Wajir, Mandera, Turkana and Samburu the frame excludes the rural areas. This is as a result of the nomadic lifestyle of the people in the area. The district is the stratum and the clusters are distributed into the urban and rural areas. The urban sub-stratum constitutes towns with population 10,000 and over in 1989. The largest proportion of the population in Kenya lives in the rural areas accounting for about 80 per cent of the population. Thus, the rural areas were allocated proportionately more clusters than the urban. The Enumeration Areas (EA) formed the Primary Sampling Units (PSUs) in the development of the Master sample. Currently a total of 1,139 clusters are operational with 930 in the rural and 209 in the urban areas embracing a total of 135,422 households. The distributions of the clusters by Province and Districts are presented in Tables k and l in the Appendix C.
In NASSEP III Master Sample a measure of size (MOS) of 100 households was used in the development of the clusters where a cluster was either a complete EA or a segment selected from demarcations of an EA. An EA with MOS exceeding one was segmented into the corresponding multiple of MOSs and one segment selected randomly for the creation of the clusters. Although the survey was done after the 1999 Population and Housing Census, it was not possible to use a new sampling frame based on the results of the recent census because the new sampling frame had not been developed. However, the NASSEP III master sample was updated through household listing of the clusters selected to ensure conformity with the standard size of the clusters. New household cluster listings and maps were developed to facilitate the selection of the sample and household identification during fieldwork.
Since the year 1989 when the NASSEP III sampling frame was launched, there have been several changes on the administrative boundaries in Kenya resulting in the increase of the number of districts from 42 to 70. It was, therefore, observed that the NASSEP III sampling frame was not capable of providing district estimates currently since it was meant to provide estimates for 42 original districts. In addition, a very large sample would be required to provide estimates for the indicators at the district level, which would require huge resources. It was, therefore, decided that the sample survey should be designed to provide estimates at the provincial, urban-rural and national levels.
Response Rate
A total of 9,313 households were included in this survey, of which 9,140 (or 98 per cent) were occupied and therefore eligible for interview. Of the eligible households, 7,251 (or 79 per cent) were situated in the rural areas and the rest in the urban areas. In the interviewed households, 11,275 women were eligible for individual interview of whom, 8,829 (or 78 per cent) lived in the rural areas. A total of 8,726 children under 5 were identified of whom 7,046 (or 81 per cent) lived in the rural areas.
Response rates were high as 8,993 (or 98.4 per cent) households were interviewed successfully with no significant differentials noted between rural and urban areas. However, response rate was evidently higher in the urban areas for both women and children within the households. Comparable response rates have been documented in similar surveys like the KDHS 1998.
Response rates were high as 8,993 (or 98.4 per cent) households were interviewed successfully with no significant differentials noted between rural and urban areas. However, response rate was evidently higher in the urban areas for both women and children within the households. Comparable response rates have been documented in similar surveys like the KDHS 1998.
Weighting
The sample for MICS 2000 was not self-weighted and therefore it was necessary to weight the data to enable estimation of population parameters. Weighting was done at three levels, i.e. at the household interview, child interview and the woman interview. The selection probabilities from the NASSEP III Master sample were applied with necessary adjustment for non-response.
Data Collection
Dates of Data Collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2000-09-18 | 2000-10-08 |
Data Collection Mode
Face-to-face [f2f]
Supervision
There were 300 Enumerators, 65 Supervisors, 65 drivers and 42 Co-ordinators conducting the survey in 65 districts in the country. Enumerators and supervisors were trained in a total of 8 training centres for the entire country set by regions. The Supervisors in the field observed at least one complete interview conducted by each enumerator for each cluster. They also checked each questionnaire for completeness before the questionnaires were handed over to the co-ordinator for editing. At this stage, if any omissions were detected then the enumerator was to go back and fill in the gaps. In sparsely populated areas the enumerators had to walk long distances in search of the selected households and in most times the respondents were found to be away which then necessitated for call backs. Once the questionnaires were completed and edited, the Co-ordinators had to sent them back to the headquarters for data entry and analysis.
Data Collection Notes
The Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) as the implementing agency conducted the Kenya MICS 2000. The UNICEF Kenya Country office provided funding. The Technical Working Group (TWG) comprising mainly CBS staff, and the MICS Steering Committee (MSC) constituted the core institutional arrangement for the management of Kenya MICS 2000. The fieldwork was carried out by CBS field enumerators who are based in the districts under supervision of respective District Statistical Officers (DSOs). In addition, district co-ordinators were constituted to coordinate MICS activities in the districts.
There were 300 Enumerators, 65 Supervisors, 65 drivers and 42 Co-ordinators conducting the survey in 65 districts in the country. Enumerators and supervisors were trained in a total of 8 training centres for the entire country set by regions. The Supervisors in the field observed at least one complete interview conducted by each enumerator for each cluster. They also checked each questionnaire for completeness before the questionnaires were handed over to the co-ordinator for editing. At this stage, if any omissions were detected then the enumerator was to go back and fill in the gaps. In sparsely populated areas the enumerators had to walk long distances in search of the selected households and in most times the respondents were found to be away which then necessitated for call backs. Once the questionnaires were completed and edited, the Co-ordinators had to sent them back to the headquarters for data entry and analysis.
The fieldwork for the Kenya MICS 2000 was undertaken in 21 consecutive days, beginning from the 18th September to 8th October 2000. Training of the field staff was conducted from 11th September, to 16th September 2000, a total of six days in eight training centres all over the country. The enumerators were trained in all modules with exercises to ensure proper understanding of the questionnaire. The fieldwork started on 18th September to 8th October 2000, a total of 21days.
4th - 9th September 2000 - Training of trainers
11th - 16th September 2000 - Training of field staff in 8 training Venues
18th September - 8th October 2000 - Fieldwork - data collection
Some of the problems experienced for this survey are:-
Lack of adequate equipment for anthropometric measurements especially the stadiometers which CBS used old type of the stadiometer and therefore delayed the survey.
The Equipment were bulk and too heavy for the enumerators who had to travel long distances in bad terrain.
In some areas rains were experienced and it was quite hard to administer the questionnaires with rain. This however slowed down the entire exercise especially in Nyanza, North Rift Valley and western Kenya.
Insufficient supply of Vitamin A capsules i.e. only one type of vitamin A capsule was supplied (200 000 mu) but other forms of Vitamin A capsules were being given to mothers especially for young children aged less than one year (100 000 mu).
The questionnaire was too long and therefore took a long time to administer. It therefore caused respondent fatigue and could affect modules conducted lastly.
There was a wide spread rumour on child kidnapping and devil worshipping which affected the survey. This resulted to refusals from some respondents, which had to be replaced. In some clusters of Nairobi, the respondents and general public turned to be hostile due to the child kidnapping. These clusters had to be abandoned after consultations with relevant people for security reasons.
The survey was conducted in a period when the country was experiencing a drought. Some sampled households were found to have migrated in search of food and pasture for their animals.
The replacement of households found away and the refusals was not well defined and therefore too hard for persons in remote areas who could not communicate with the headquarters
There were 300 Enumerators, 65 Supervisors, 65 drivers and 42 Co-ordinators conducting the survey in 65 districts in the country. Enumerators and supervisors were trained in a total of 8 training centres for the entire country set by regions. The Supervisors in the field observed at least one complete interview conducted by each enumerator for each cluster. They also checked each questionnaire for completeness before the questionnaires were handed over to the co-ordinator for editing. At this stage, if any omissions were detected then the enumerator was to go back and fill in the gaps. In sparsely populated areas the enumerators had to walk long distances in search of the selected households and in most times the respondents were found to be away which then necessitated for call backs. Once the questionnaires were completed and edited, the Co-ordinators had to sent them back to the headquarters for data entry and analysis.
The fieldwork for the Kenya MICS 2000 was undertaken in 21 consecutive days, beginning from the 18th September to 8th October 2000. Training of the field staff was conducted from 11th September, to 16th September 2000, a total of six days in eight training centres all over the country. The enumerators were trained in all modules with exercises to ensure proper understanding of the questionnaire. The fieldwork started on 18th September to 8th October 2000, a total of 21days.
4th - 9th September 2000 - Training of trainers
11th - 16th September 2000 - Training of field staff in 8 training Venues
18th September - 8th October 2000 - Fieldwork - data collection
Some of the problems experienced for this survey are:-
Lack of adequate equipment for anthropometric measurements especially the stadiometers which CBS used old type of the stadiometer and therefore delayed the survey.
The Equipment were bulk and too heavy for the enumerators who had to travel long distances in bad terrain.
In some areas rains were experienced and it was quite hard to administer the questionnaires with rain. This however slowed down the entire exercise especially in Nyanza, North Rift Valley and western Kenya.
Insufficient supply of Vitamin A capsules i.e. only one type of vitamin A capsule was supplied (200 000 mu) but other forms of Vitamin A capsules were being given to mothers especially for young children aged less than one year (100 000 mu).
The questionnaire was too long and therefore took a long time to administer. It therefore caused respondent fatigue and could affect modules conducted lastly.
There was a wide spread rumour on child kidnapping and devil worshipping which affected the survey. This resulted to refusals from some respondents, which had to be replaced. In some clusters of Nairobi, the respondents and general public turned to be hostile due to the child kidnapping. These clusters had to be abandoned after consultations with relevant people for security reasons.
The survey was conducted in a period when the country was experiencing a drought. Some sampled households were found to have migrated in search of food and pasture for their animals.
The replacement of households found away and the refusals was not well defined and therefore too hard for persons in remote areas who could not communicate with the headquarters
Questionnaires
Questionnaires
The questionnaires for the Generic MICS were structured questionnaires based on the MICS2 Model Questionnaire with some modifications and additions. A household questionnaire was administered in each household, which collected various information on household members including sex, age, relationship, and orphanhood status. The household questionnaire includes household characteristics, support to orphaned and vulnerable children, education, child labour, water and sanitation, household use of insecticide treated mosquito nets, and salt iodization, with optional modules for child discipline, child disability, maternal mortality and security of tenure and durability of housing.
In addition to a household questionnaire, questionnaires were administered in each household for women age 15-49 and children under age five. For children, the questionnaire was administered to the mother or caretaker of the child.
The women's questionnaire include women's characteristics, child mortality, tetanus toxoid, maternal and newborn health, marriage, polygyny, female genital cutting, contraception, and HIV/AIDS knowledge, with optional modules for unmet need, domestic violence, and sexual behavior.
The children's questionnaire includes children's characteristics, birth registration and early learning, vitamin A, breastfeeding, care of illness, malaria, immunization, and anthropometry, with an optional module for child development.
The questionnaires were developed in English from the MICS2 Model Questionnaires, and were translated into Mumbo-jumbo. After an initial review the questionnaires were translated back into English by an independent translator with no prior knowledge of the survey. The back translation from the Mumbo-jumbo version was independently reviewed and compared to the English original. Differences in translation were reviewed and resolved in collaboration with the original translators.
The English and Mumbo-jumbo questionnaires were both piloted as part of the survey pretest.
All questionnaires and modules are provided as external resources.
In addition to a household questionnaire, questionnaires were administered in each household for women age 15-49 and children under age five. For children, the questionnaire was administered to the mother or caretaker of the child.
The women's questionnaire include women's characteristics, child mortality, tetanus toxoid, maternal and newborn health, marriage, polygyny, female genital cutting, contraception, and HIV/AIDS knowledge, with optional modules for unmet need, domestic violence, and sexual behavior.
The children's questionnaire includes children's characteristics, birth registration and early learning, vitamin A, breastfeeding, care of illness, malaria, immunization, and anthropometry, with an optional module for child development.
The questionnaires were developed in English from the MICS2 Model Questionnaires, and were translated into Mumbo-jumbo. After an initial review the questionnaires were translated back into English by an independent translator with no prior knowledge of the survey. The back translation from the Mumbo-jumbo version was independently reviewed and compared to the English original. Differences in translation were reviewed and resolved in collaboration with the original translators.
The English and Mumbo-jumbo questionnaires were both piloted as part of the survey pretest.
All questionnaires and modules are provided as external resources.
Data Processing
Data Editing
Data processing staff comprised a co-ordinator, programmers, supervisors, editing clerks and data entry clerks. Consistency checks included often going back filed to questionnaires.
IMPS was used for data capture and SPSS was used for analysis and tabulations. Twenty micro-computers were used in the data processing.
Training of data entry and editing clerks took place from 25 to 29 September 2000
The process of editing and data entry was implemented from 30 September - 3 November 2000, while data validation and analysis took place from 30 October to 30 November 2000.
IMPS was used for data capture and SPSS was used for analysis and tabulations. Twenty micro-computers were used in the data processing.
Training of data entry and editing clerks took place from 25 to 29 September 2000
The process of editing and data entry was implemented from 30 September - 3 November 2000, while data validation and analysis took place from 30 October to 30 November 2000.
Data Appraisal
Estimates of Sampling Error
Estimates from the sample are subject to sampling and non-sampling errors. Sampling errors are usually controlled through the sample design while the latter are not easy to control since they arise from sources on which the sampling statistician has no control. These include failure by the respondents to locate a respondent for interview, mistakes in recording the response from a respondent, mistakes during the data entry process and other causes which are unrelated to the design. However, the sample selected for the survey is one of the many possible samples that would come up in repeated sample selection process from the population. Estimates based on different samples from the population would have differences associated with the selections. The variation observed in different independent selections of samples amount to sampling errors. As a measure of these errors, the square root of the standard deviation of the estimates from the survey provides a measure of the sampling errors of the sample design.
Since the sample design is not a simple random sample, variance estimation tends to be complicated due to the need to take care of the complexity of the design. In the MICS survey, the sample design was stratified cluster sample. In the estimation of the standard errors of the indicators in the MICS survey, the ultimate cluster method of variance estimation was used. This is considered applicable because the variability of weights within the strata is not significant. Since the estimates from the sample were either totals or ratios, we provide estimators for both cases of the standard errors.
Since the sample design is not a simple random sample, variance estimation tends to be complicated due to the need to take care of the complexity of the design. In the MICS survey, the sample design was stratified cluster sample. In the estimation of the standard errors of the indicators in the MICS survey, the ultimate cluster method of variance estimation was used. This is considered applicable because the variability of weights within the strata is not significant. Since the estimates from the sample were either totals or ratios, we provide estimators for both cases of the standard errors.
Access policy
Access authority
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Director General | KNBS | directorgeneral@knbs.go.ke | www.knbs.or.ke |
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Director General | KNBS | directorgeneral@knbs.go.ke | www.knbs.or.ke |
Disclaimer and copyrights
Disclaimer
KNBS provides these data to external users without any warranty or responsibility implied. KNBS accepts no responsibility for the results and/or implications of any actions resulting from the use of these data.
Metadata production
DDI Document ID
DDI-KEN-KNBS-MICS-2000-v1.0
Producers
| Name | Abbreviation |
|---|---|
| Kenya National Bureau of Statistics | KNBS |
Date of Metadata Production
2008-11-11
DDI Document version
Version 1.0 (2008)